Portfolio Entry #4 : Speech Acts
Portfolio Entry #4 ~ SPEECH ACTS ~ ~ CONSTATIVE AND PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCES ~ Introduced by the British philosopher and linguist J. L. Austin and further developed by American philosopher J.R. Searle , the Speech Act Theory considers the degree to which utterances are said to perform locutionary acts (the act of making a meaningful utterance), illocutionary acts (to express an attitude with a certain function, meaning to interact), and/or perlocutionary acts (an action or state of mind caused by saying something). Austin offered a summary of the interrelation between these acts: "A speaker utters sentences with a particular meaning (locutionary act), and with a particular force (illocutionary act), in order to achieve a certain effect on the hearer (perlocutionary act)." ¹ Austin insisted that to say something is to do something and thus distinguished two separate parts of speech: " Constatives " and " Performatives " . Constatives are sent...